Chapter 1: dependent clause markers The structure class of dependent clause markers consists of four types: subordinators, relatives, interrogatives, and a special category, THAT. Each type signals a specific dependent clause that we will cover in …
chapter 1: prepositions Prepositions are structure-class words that precede a nominal, which is the object of the preposition. A preposition can be simple or phrasal. Together, the preposition and its object form a phrasal unit …
chapter 1: conjunctions The structure class of conjunctions consists of three types: coordinating conjunctions, correlative conjunctions, and conjunctive adverbs. Each type of conjunction joins together grammatical units in a particular way. Coordinating Conjunctions always join like …
chapter 1: Qualifiers Prototypical qualifiers usually precede adjectives or adverbs in order to decrease or increase the quality signified by the words they precede. For example: Before a big test, it matters if you’re a little …
chapter 1: auxiliaries Auxiliary verbs do not have most of the characteristics of true verbs. Instead, as part of the Main Verb Phrase Formula, auxiliary verbs work with a main verb to enhance and supplement …
chapter 1: Pronouns Pronouns differ from other structure-class words because they can change inflections. See how the different personal pronouns in this passage all refer to the same antecedent: Karen went purse-shopping. She had to have the latest …
chapter 1: determiners Determiners are structure-class words that precede and modify nouns both grammatically and lexically. Sometimes, nouns need determiners and sometimes they don’t: You let the cat out of the bag! (The definite article the is a determiner.) Your …
chapter 1: structure-class words Structure-class words are mostly closed, relatively small groups of words. They work with (or replace) form-class words to create phrases and clauses. Structure-class words add depth and nuance to our language, and …